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HANSA 08-2021

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Schiffswerte vs. Ertragswerte · Port State Control · Klassifikationsgesellschaften · Compit-Preview · Digitalisierung im Wasserbau · Schmierstoffe · EU-Klimaplan · Reparatur- und Umbauwerften

SCHIFFSTECHNIK | SHIP

SCHIFFSTECHNIK | SHIP TECHNOLOGY Digital transformation – a fluid process The Compit conference is a traditional occasion to determine the current position and course of the maritime digital transformation. In some fields, such as digital training and digital collaboration in ship design, Covid-19 has accelerated the pace of progress. An exclusive preview by organizer Volker Bertram © Friendship Systems Digital Twins – a field with a wide spectrum of applications Once again, the renowned Conference on Computer and IT Applications in the Maritime Industries (Compit) combines thought and technology leaders in advanced maritime IT applications, this year meeting in Mülheim/Germany, 9–10.8.2021. During the conference programme, some key topics will be discussed from various perspectives. Connect (data) & conquer Information technology used to be just data processing – we have come a long way in creating ever more terms and acronyms, A.I., VR, Digital Twin, etc. But at the heart, there is still data and what we do with it. Data has gotten bigger, but mostly »Big Data« is used as false labeling in maritime applications. The challenges do not lie in handling TeraBytes of data, they lie in connecting them and turning them into insight and decision. »By collecting it, connecting it and ensuring it is no longer siloed, data can be the basis for true business agility within the marine industry«, elaborates David Thomson, Marine Solutions Manager at Aveva. But how do we collect and connect data? At first glance, the answer seems simple: modern ships are full of smart equipment, each with sensors, and of generation Industry 4.0, ready to share via local networks and the Internet of Things (IoT). But when we take a closer look, there is a multitude of native (= company internal) data formats. A modern containership may have more than a 1,000 such data »standards«. Maritime Captain Kirk Nick Danese – founder and CEO of Syrrkle – compares it to getting access to a North Korean TV news show via the internet – you still don’t understand what they are trying to tell you even if you get the electronic signal. Having something in a digital format does not mean being able to process it digitally in your world, as Herbert Koelman (SARC) also points out. Captain Kirk had his Universal Translator to overcome the language barriers – and we may have something just like that coming up for our industry in our time: The Italian company Alleantia has an app that serves as an adaptor between more than 1,000 company native data formats. On a smaller scale, we see how IoT technology may revolutionize shipping. Italian researchers demonstrate the collaboration of networking maritime drones with various sensing devices, allowing the extension of Internet of Things (IoT) towards the marine environment. This data connection for situation awareness is already working, albeit at the level of robotic boats rather than fullscale ships. Rome wasn’t built in a day, and piece by piece research gets us closer to the vision of unmanned shipping. 3D everything The data interfacing problem is as old as Compit, and so is the theme of »3D« CAD. 20 years ago, there were already discussions on whether to model in 2D or 54 HANSA – International Maritime Journal 08 | 2021

SCHIFFSTECHNIK | SHIP TECHNOLOGY 3D – that question has been decided in favor of 3D a long time ago in our industry. Ships are 3D objects and it is advantageous to model them from the very beginning in 3D. But now the vision of Compit 2000 is becoming reality – we move from 3D CAD to 3D everything: scan, view, print, etc. For Geert Tepper from Cadmatic, the »3D model has become the technology island in ship design, an information-rich digital twin of the [new ship design] project.« And complementary technologies make this vision happen. Marius Blom (CEO of Blom Maritime) presents how 3D scans of ships can be immediately integrated into CAD models, without having to fit surfaces or other CAD elements to the millions of points on the scan model. This saves 25 % of the time needed in conversion projects, such as scrubber retrofits. Knud E. Hansen has employed Virtual Reality (3D viewing) to collaborate on ship designs under Covid-19 constraints, working across company borders and even across continents – Connect and conquer! wide spectrum of applications, presented e.g. by Prostep (ship production), Austal (ship motions), Sener (detail design), or Sintef Ocean (collision avoidance). Training Mariner 4.0 If the future holds an ever-closer symbiosis of man and machine – and resistance against the digital transformation seems to be futile – this will affect training which is evolving in parallel, adapting to digital requirements and exploiting digital opportunities. If we could start from scratch, how would we set up an undergraduate curriculum for future naval architects or maritime engineers? In a nutshell, this was the task of Herbert Koelman from NHL Stenden University of Applied Sciences and Sietske Moussault from TU Delft. Think bold and don’t seek inspiration in the past or established curricula deeply rooted in tradition. Instead, put much more IT on the agenda: optimization, geometric modeling, CFD, big data and machine learning – and teach it hands-on with a combination of modern digital training methods and handson project work. Forget mathematical derivation and explore qualitative relationships in simulations. Another next-generation approach to maritime training comes from the University of South-East Norway, where eyetracking in immersive Virtual Reality training is used to track performance of the trainees. Combine a technique from marketing with a maritime training application where awareness tracking is key – and you conquer at least our attention. Intelligent digital twins New technologies aren’t always that new. In many cases, we have a new label on an old tool that we just enhanced by one or two features. Machine Learning used to be called numerical statistics, the digital twin is a reincarnation of simulation models. And the discussion whether we should use experience or first-principles, i.e. machine learning or digital twin in our brave new IT world, is also as old as the Compit conference. It may not come as a total surprise that both approaches have their pros and cons, and that, in many cases, it is a clever idea to combine (or connect) them in order to conquer. Machine Learning is often denoted as a »black box« model – the derived relation between input and output variables is rarely explicitly revealed. In contrast, first-principle based Digital Twins are denoted as »white box« models, where the claim is that everything is transparent and can be checked by third parties. In reality we have 50 Shades of Grey: Artificial Intelligence is much more efficient when human intelligence helps with insight. And virtually all digital twin models resort to some empirical support, be it only in the form of coefficients for turbulence models in sophisticated CFD simulations. And in between, there is a One of the hot topics at Compit 2020: digital service and support For all the love of the digital, there is also time for personal conversations © MAN Diesel Academy © Payer HANSA – International Maritime Journal 08 | 2021 55

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