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HANSA 05-2022

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Kran- und Hebetechnik | Danelec | Compit | Korrosionsschutz | HullPIC | HANSA & WISTA Germany | Norwegens Reeder und die Börse | 175 Jahre Hapag-Lloyd | MPP-Schifffahrt

SCHIFFSTECHNIK | SHIP

SCHIFFSTECHNIK | SHIP TECHNOLOGY The mix of participants as we move into the third year under pandemic constraints is at least as »fluid« as the transformation process. One again, the traditional Compit conference brings together thought and technology leaders in advanced maritime IT applications, this year meeting in Ponti - gnano/Italy at June 21–23. It gives a few waypoints and markers allowing us all to check that we are on track and not falling too far behind the competition. The megatrends in a nutshell are: Photorealistic features by Blom Maritime • Getting 3D+ – from design to ope - ration, we move from 2D to 3D, and from 3D to 4D, adding time as a dimension, i.e. tracking the changes of 3D objects in time, from production to operation. • Digital Twins and Artificial Intelligence get merged – the Digital Twin adds virtual experience for the A.I. machine learning, the machine learning boosts efficiency in Digital Twin simulations. Combine, rather than divide, and conquer. The young field of autonomous ship operation adds a multitude of potential new applications for the maritime R&D community. • Smart is green – decarbonization and digitalization are the two megatrends per se in our industry. In some cases, they overlap. The maritime work force is about to enter new, uncharted territory and smart guidance (or decision support systems) are very welcome as we embark on the decarbonization journey, from design to operation. 3D and more The theme of 3D CAD is as old as Compit. Already at the first Compit, in the year 2000, there were discussions on whether to model in 2D or 3D – that question has been decided in favor of 3D a long time ago in our industry. Ships are 3D objects, and it is advantageous to model them from the very beginning in 3D. But now the vision of Compit 2000 is becoming reality – we move from 3D CAD to 3D everything: scan, view, print, etc. For example in conceptual design, Madalina Florean and her colleagues from Cadmatic will describe a standalone intelligent general arrangement tool for holistic basic design. This tool generates 3D hull structure layouts based on 2D sketches using a parametric approach with high topology. The result can be exported in an open standard format, for 3D hull definition process and approval. In production, Ronald De Vries of floorganise presents automated detail planning using CAD/ PLM-Metadata for 4D visualizations. Here the CAD/CAM software meets the production planning software, where shipyard specific parameters, (machine) learned from having monitored the production process, are combined with the detailed design information, to derive planned automated sequencing, budget setting (hours/ duration), resource allocation, as well as © Blom tracking actual building process. The assembly process is modelled and visualized in a 3D production facility (workshop) and simulated in time, leading to the 4D in the title. But not always, the planning is as nicely straightforward as in new-building projects. IMO regulations for ballast water management and emissions to air have led to a multitude of retrofit projects in the past two years; and with current decarbonization goals, we can safely assume that frequent retrofitting and upgrading will stay with us. A recurrent headache in these projects is that the ships nearly never are as they were once designed. And in some cases, detailed plans or 3D CAD models of engine rooms are not available at all. Or, in modern parlance, the Digital Twin is either out of date or doesn’t exist at all. Fortunately, there are efficient and affordable ways to recreate detailed 3D geometries now and bring this information into the commonly used maritime CAD world. Blom Maritime and Aveva present some pioneering work in this field, exploiting digital point clouds (generated by Blom’s scanning) in (Aveva’s CAD software) E3D design. The icing on the cake is that the scan does not only yield 3D geometry information, but also photorealistic color and texture information. Similar scanning solutions are now being tested for underwater robotic inspection of ship hulls, e.g. for tracking the progress of fouling on hulls and propellers. XR – a new buzzword 3D+ also applies to the world of XR, the new buzzword encompassing Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality. At the heart of any Virtual Reality (VR) application lies a 3D model which the users may explore and interact with. A key application of VR technology is training in the widest sense. Woo Sung Kil and colleagues from Korean Register show, for example, a practical approach for ship familiarization training based on Virtual Reality using 360-degree imagery, where crew and passengers alike may explore a ship before setting foot on it. It is easy to imagine that such an application is particularly attractive for cruise ships and larger navy vessels. But we should not forget the cost factor in setting up good VR applications, which 54 HANSA – International Maritime Journal 05 | 2022

SCHIFFSTECHNIK | SHIP TECHNOLOGY U.K.-based Aveva is a regular guest and contributor to the Compit conference ... © Aveva ... presenting innovative technology for the transformation of maritime works has been prohibitively high for many potential maritime applications. The good news: costs are coming down, at least if you play it smart like Herbert Koelman and Sietske De Geus- Moussault from NHL Stenden with David Thomson from Aveva, exploiting easily available game engines in industrial and academic scenarios. But there are more applications waiting in the wings. Thomson looks at how the latest trends in social VR and emerging metaverse protocols like webXR are enabling new ways of working, socializing and, most importantly, collaborating when we are no longer collocated?. In Thomson’s words, we see an emerging »digital superpower that can come in handy in the marine industry where shipbuilders regularly need to collaborate with equipment manufacturers, class societies, owners and subcontractors on complex threedimensional challenges.« Combine and conquer New technologies aren’t always that new. Machine Learning used to be called numerical statistics, the Digital Twin is a reincarnation of simulation models. And the discussion whether we should use experience or firstprinciples, i.e. machine learning or digital twin, in our brave new IT world is also as old as the Compit conference. In many cases, smart people do the smart thing – namely combining the two approaches to exploit their respective advantages. For example Thomas Hildebrandt and his team from Numeca use machine learning on CFD simulations to derive a propeller design tool that is 99% as accurate as several hours of CFD simulations, but gives the results in mere seconds. But A.I. can do a lot more than »just« machine learning. Robotics and machine vision are other powerful Artificial Intelligence techniques that are entering the maritime arena. Erik Stensrud (DNV) reports how drone inspections can be combined with image processing to identify cracks and corrosion in cargo holds, avoiding the need for expensive and time-consuming scaffolding in classification society work. Alessandro Tani and his colleagues from University Pisa have a similar application for in-water robotic inspection for fouling, albeit at an earlier and less mature research state. Connecting the dots may seem like child’s play, until you have to do it yourself. The devil lurks in the details, also in maritime IT applications. We all have a lot of data and digital models, and we have the internet, even the Internet of Things (IoT). But when we take a closer look, there is a multitude of incompatible and often incomprehensible native (= company internal) data formats. »Having something in a digital format does not mean you can process it digitally in your world«, as Herbert Koelman (SARC) points out. But we are making progress in connecting the dots and the software solutions. One of the positive examples is the OCX standard facilitating 3D model exchange between designers (yards) and classification Societies. A whole session is dedicated to it this year, highlighting success stories and limitations. Smart is Green Digitalization and decarbonization are the two megatrends in our industry, and sometimes they go hand in hand. The quest for decarbonization often means entering terra incognita, both in design and operation. Our traditional experience-based approaches fail for radically new concepts. Fortunately, we can use the power of computer simulations to create virtual experience in many cases. For example, Kaan Terün from TU Delft and Rommert Dekker from Erasmus University Rotterdam present a tool for assessing alternative fuel types for ultra-large container vessels in face of uncertainty. Stephan Procee (NHL Stenden) focusses on on-board decision support for (future) cargo ships with wind-assisted ship propulsion (WASP) systems, and Mikkelsen and Stochholm (University of Southern Denmark) present experience with supporting crew of inter-island ferries that were converted from conventional propulsion to battery-driven propulsion. Author: Volker Bertram World Maritime University Organizer of COMPIT HANSA – International Maritime Journal 05 | 2022 55

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