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HANSA 02-2022

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Shortsea | Nordrange-Häfen | Ballastwasser | Ladungssicherheit | Interview Gaby Bornheim/VDR | Umfrage »Maritime Snapshot« | Interview Uwe Lauber/MAN | MV Werften | OVB | Piraterie-Bilanz

KARRIERE | CAREER

KARRIERE | CAREER Biometric parameters in maritime training Biometric parameters recorded in a full-mission bridge simulator during collision avoidance training is being researched to provide information on the level of cognitive load of officers on watch, working memory saturation, and fatigue that affect performance © Selzer / Pixabay 52 HANSA – International Maritime Journal 02 | 2022

KARRIERE | CAREER The officer on watch (OOW) is (still) responsible for making the final decisions and continues to bear the responsibility for the safety of navigation. As an EMSA analyses of maritime accidents show, human error is a contributing factor in the majority of cases with serious consequences, mainly due to a high workload, so that the biometric records of the officers on watch could be used to indirectly monitor the state of arousal through situational awareness. Theoretically, the change in heart rate (HR) indirectly indicates the state of cognitive load and thus the ability of the decision-making process in the person’s working memory to successfully avoid the potentially dangerous situation. During the simulation, the high workload of the participants is caused by challenging navigation conditions (e.g., weather, traffic) or various disturbing factors, (e.g. fire in the engine room, etc.) that may lead to human error behaviour and eventually, in the worst case, a collision. For this reason, the experiment was designed in which five experienced captains, with a 20,5 years of service on average, volunteered to participate in the case study to measure HR during maritime training. The experimental design consisted of two navigation phases, the control phase (easy) and the experimental phase (hard). The primary biometric sensor was the Empatica E4 multisensor wristband with EDA (electro-dermal activity), BVP (bloodvolume pulse), accelerometer, and temperature sensor. The focus of the ad hoc questionnaire (pre-experiment) was on the participants’ prior experience and abilities, their personality, and their reaction to the ergonomics and environmental parameters of the simulator. The experiment The efficiency of cognitive processes in human working memory during training depends on the number of tasks set and correlates with the participants’ prior experience. During navigation training in a simulator, the difficulty of the task depends on the traffic density in the separation zone (Figure 1). In addition, there is the disturbing factor (sound of fire alarm), which causes a typical biometric reaction and thus a prolonged reaction time due to the saturation of the cognitive part of the participant’s working memory. During simulator training, the saturation of working memory impairs the learning process and situational awareness, which may eventually lead to a potentially dangerous situation. The BVP sensor indicates that the more the blood vessels dilate (vasodilation), the greater the signal amplitude, indirectly indicating a higher cognitive process during simulator training. During the cognitively demanding experimental phase, the HR was significantly higher than during the control phase. © Zagar, Dimc Disturbing factor (sound of fire alarm) impact on the HR parameter during 20 minutes simulated navigational task. The meaningful observation is the highest average HR at zero visibility task HANSA – International Maritime Journal 02 | 2022 53

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